Gallstones begin as tiny crystals, grow to resemble gravel, and can eventually grow to the size of pebbles. Gallstones form when bile becomes so concentrated that the chemicals can no longer stay dissolved. The risk of developing symptoms increases with age.īile is made up of a mixture of different chemicals. Nearly a quarter of females (and a smaller proportion of males) suffer symptoms from gallstones by the age of 60. It is suspected that this is due to changes in the type of diet eaten. The number of younger females and teenagers who have gallstones is increasing. Gallstones happen more often in the gallbladder of females who have an unhealthy high body weight and who have had children. Gallstones are three times more common in women than men. Gallstones affect 10 to 15 people out of every 100 but not everyone will have symptoms. However, in some people they can cause problems. They usually cause no symptoms and most people with gallstones are unaware that they have them. Gallstones are small, solid lumps that form in bile. Bile helps with digestion and absorption, especially of the fats in the food. Once there, the bile mixes with the food that we have eaten. The bile duct carries bile to the first part of the small bowel immediately after the stomach. It fills with bile from the liver between meals, and when we eat the gallbladder empties the bile along a tube (called the cystic duct) into the main bile duct.
The gallbladder is for storing bile between meals. It has the shape of a pear and is about 9 cm long by 4.5 cm wide in size when full. The gallbladder is a small pouch that sits just under the liver. This condition may develop alongside gallbladder mucoceles.Gall is an old-fashioned word for bile, a liquid made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. These cysts are usually filled with mucus and diagnosed by veterinarians via ultrasound. Cysts: Cysts are growths that can obstruct the flow of bile into and out of the gallbladder.Surgery is not always an option, but systemic chemotherapy is sometimes recommended. Veterinarians may perform bloodwork, ultrasounds, and further testing to diagnose these cancers. Tumors usually obstruct the flow of bile, which causes it to back up and results in secondary problems. Cancer: More often seen in older dogs, cancerous tumors can invade the gallbladder, liver, and bile ducts.Like gallbladder rupture, a cholecystectomy surgery is usually performed to remove the gallbladder. Mucoceles can also cause secondary issues including sludge build-up, and ultrasounds can be performed for diagnosis. A mucocele is simply an accumulation of mucus in the gallbladder that causes the gallbladder to stretch and be larger than normal. Gallbladder Mucoceles: Various other disease and/or genetic predisposition cause mucus to build up in the gallbladder and create a mucocele.Ultrasounds and CT scans can rule out other diseases like pancreatitis, and treatment typically involves antimicrobial administration or surgery. This inflammation of the gallbladder is called cholecystitis. Cholecystitis: If a gallstone gets stuck in a duct, not only will bile back up, but the gallbladder will also become inflamed.Ultrasounds are most commonly used for diagnosis, while medication or surgery may be required for treatment. In other cases, they create a blockage in one of the ducts and cause bile to back up. Sometimes the stones simply float around in the gallbladder. If a large amount of these substances are passed into the gallbladder, they may contribute to stone formation. Gallstones: These stones are formed from cholesterol, bilirubin, and other components in very saturated bile.Veterinarians may perform bloodwork or ultrasounds to determine whether the gallbladder has ruptured, resulting in a cholecystectomy surgery to remove the organ. This usually occurs due to severe inflammation or trauma. Gallbladder Rupture: Gallbladders, being sac-like organs that hold fluid, are able to rupture and spill bile out into the abdomen.
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